Today in History

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Today in History

By Correspondent

YEAR                         DAYEVENT
1111Feb 12Henry V of Germany presented himself to Pope Paschal II for coronation along with treaty terms that commanded the clergy to restore fiefs of the crown to Henry. The pope refused to crown and Henry left Rome taking the pope with him. When Paschal was unable to get help, he confirmed Henry’s right of investiture and crowned him.
1242Feb 12Henry VII, Roman Catholic German king (1220-35), committed suicide.
1294Feb 12Kublai Khan, the conqueror of Asia, died at the age of 80.
1486Feb 12In Toledo, Spain, some 750 lapsed Christians were paraded through the streets of Toledo from the Church of San Pedro Martir to the cathedral in order to be reconciled to the Christian faith. In the Auto Da Fe at Toledo the Jews were forced to recant, fined 1/5 of their property and permanently forbidden to wear decent clothes or hold office.
1502Feb 12Isabella issued a royal order giving all remaining Moors in the realms of Castile the choice between baptism and expulsion.
1502Feb 12Vasco da Gama, Portuguese explorer, departed on a second trip to India with 20 well-armed ships.
1541Feb 12Santiago, Chile, was founded by Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, a lieutenant of Pizarro.
1554Feb 12Lady Jane Grey (17), who had claimed the throne of England for nine days, the Queen of England for thirteen days, was beheaded on Tower Hill along with her husband, Guildford Dudley, after being condemned for high treason.
1588Feb 12John Winthrop, English attorney, puritan, 1st gov of Massachusetts Bay Colony, was born.
1663Feb 12Cotton Mather (d.1728), American clergyman and witchcraft specialist, was born.
1665Feb 12Rudolph J. Camerarius, German botanist, physician (sexuality plant), was born.
1683Feb 12A Christian Army, led by Charles, the Duke of Lorraine and King John Sobieski of Poland, routed a huge Ottoman army surrounding Vienna.
1733Feb 12English colonists led by James Oglethorpe founded Savannah, Ga. Gen. James Edward Oglethorpe sailed up the Savannah River with 144 English men, women and children and in the name of King George II chartered the Georgia Crown Colony. He created the town of Savannah, to establish an ideal colony where silk and wine would be produced, based on a grid of streets around six large squares.
1763Feb 12Pierre de Mariveaux (b.1688), French novelist and playwright, died.
1768Feb 12Francis II, the Last Holy Roman Emperor (1792-1806), was born.
1775Feb 12Louisa Adams, wife of John Quincy Adams was born.
1791Feb 12Peter Cooper, industrialist, philanthropist (Cooper Union), was born.
1793Feb 12The US federal government passed its first fugitive slave law. This gave slave holders the right to reclaim their human property in free states.
1797Feb 12Haydn’s song “Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,” (popularized years later as “Deutschland Uber Alles,” by Nazis), premiered in Vienna.
1809Feb 12Charles Robert Darwin (d.1874) was born.
1809Feb 12Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the US, was born in Hardin County (present-day Larue County), Kentucky
1817Feb 12Argentina’s Jose de San Martin, having led a revolutionary army over the Andes into Chile, helped defeat the Spanish forces at Chacabuco. The royalists lost 500 men in the battle and another 600 were taken prisoner.
1818Feb 12Chile officially proclaimed its independence, more than seven years after initially renouncing Spanish rule
1821Feb 12The Mercantile Library of City of NY opened.
1825Feb 12Creek Indian treaty signed. Tribal chiefs agreed to turn over all their land in Georgia to the government and migrate west by Sept 1, 1826.
1828Feb 12George Meredith, English poet and novelist, was born.
1836Feb 12Mexican General Santa Anna crossed the Rio Grande en route to the Alamo.
1839Feb 12Aroostook War took place over a boundary dispute between Maine and New Brunswick.
1850Feb 12Washington’s original Farewell Address manuscript sold for $2,300.
1857Feb 12Eugene Atget, French photographer, was born. He took over 10,000 photographs documenting Paris.
1861Feb 12State troops seized US munitions in Napoleon, Ak.
1870Feb 12Women in the Utah Territory gained the right to vote. However, that right was taken away in 1887.
1870Feb 12An official proclamation set April 15 as last day of grace for US silver coins to circulate in Canada.
1871Feb 12In France the new National Assembly opened at Bordeaux. Two-thirds of members were conservatives and wished the war to end.
1873Feb 12The US Congress abolished bimetallism and authorized $1 & $3 gold coins.
1873Feb 12The 1st Spanish Republic was proclaimed. King Amadeo I abdicated following a 2-year reign. Emilio Cistelar y Ripolo  (40) became prime minister, but the Carlist civil war continued.
1874Feb 12Auguste Perret, French architect, was born. He pioneered in designs of reinforced concrete buildings.
1874Feb 12King David Kalakaua of Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), became the 1st king to visit US. King Lunalilo had died without an heir and the legislature elected lawyer David Kalakaua as king.
1876Feb 12Al Spalding opened a sporting good shop.
1877Feb 12The 1st news dispatch by telephone was made between Boston and Salem, Mass.
1877Feb 12US railroad builders struck against a wage reduction.
1879Feb 121st artificial ice rink in North America was at Madison Square Garden, NYC.
1880Feb 12John L. Lewis, American labor leader, was born.
1892Feb 12Illinois made President Lincoln’s birthday a state holiday. Other states followed suit over the years.
1893Feb 12Omar Bradley, U.S. army general, was born. He led the largest concentration of ground troops in Europe during World War II.
1898Feb 12[Le]Roy Harris, composer (When Johnny Comes Marching Home), was born in Oklahoma.
1907Feb 12Bodies continued to wash ashore from the steamer Larchmont, which had collided the previous with a schooner off New England’s Block Island. The vessel’s quartermaster, James E. Staples, claimed a loss of 332.
1908Feb 12The first round-the-world automobile race began in New York City. It ended in Paris the following July with the drivers of the American car, a Thomas Speedway Flyer, was declared the winner over teams from Germany and Italy. The Flyer was made by the E.R. Thomas Motor Co. of Buffalo, NY, was initially driven by Montague Roberts and George Schuster. Roberts dropped out in Wyoming. Schuster took over as captain and chief driver from San Francisco, which was reached on March 24.
1909Feb 12The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded by 60 people gathered in NYC to discuss recent race riots and how to fight discrimination. They were initially known as the National Negro committee and signed a proclamation known as “The Call.” It was based on the Niagara movement of 1905. Mary White Ovington (1865-1951) was one of the founders.
1912Feb 12China became a republic following the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty. Pu Yi (reign name Hsuan T’ung), the last Ch’ing (Manchu) emperor of China, abdicated. This marked the end of the Qing Dynasty. China adopted the Gregorian calendar.
1913Feb 12A New York commission reported that there was widespread violation of child labor laws.
1915Feb 12Andrew J. Goodpaster, US general, supreme commander (NATO-Europe), was born.
1915Feb 12Lorne Greene, actor (Bonanza, Battlestar Galactica), was born in Ottawa, Canada.
1915Feb 12The cornerstone for the Lincoln Memorial was laid in Washington, D.C., a year to the day after groundbreaking.
1918Feb 12Dominic DiMaggio, baseball outfielder (Boston Red Sox), was born.
1920Feb 12The last German forces withdrew from Klaipeda as French and English naval forces arrived.
1921Feb 12Winston Churchill of London was appointed colonial secretary.
1921Feb 12In Delhi, India, the Duke of Connaught laid the foundation stone of the Parliament building, designed by Herbert Baker.
1921Feb 12Soviet troops invaded neighboring Georgia.
1924Feb 12George Gershwin’s groundbreaking symphonic jazz composition “Rhapsody in Blue” premiered at Carnegie Hall with Gershwin himself playing the piano with Paul Whiteman’s orchestra.
1924Feb 12Women were banned from entering the tomb of Tutankhamun which leads to diplomatic problems with Great Britain and America. Carter wrote a pamphlet to document interference by authorities and leaves the excavation and locks the tomb. Pierre Lacau, the French Director of Antiquities, demands the keys and Carter refuses to give them up.
1929Feb 12Charles Lindbergh announced his engagement to Anne Morrow. The Guggenheims helped aviators like Lindbergh, Curtiss, and the Wright Brothers. Morrow was the daughter of Dwight Morrow, US ambassador to Mexico. She later authored a number of books that included “Gift From the Sea.”
1931Feb 12Japan’s first television broadcast was a baseball game.
1935Feb 12The 785-foot USS Macon, the last US Navy dirigible (ZRS-5), crashed on its 55th flight off the coast of California, killing two people. After takeoff from Point Sur, California, a gust of wind tore off the ship’s upper fin, deflating its gas cells and causing the ship to fall into the sea. Two of Macon ‘s 83 crewmen died in the accident. The U.S. Navy lost the airships Shenandoah in 1925 and Akron in 1933. Some considered airships too dangerous for the program to continue at that point, and work on them in the United States halted temporarily.
1936Feb 12In France more than 4.5 million workers came out on strike; 1 million took to the streets, shutting the country down.
1938Feb 12German troops entered Austria.
1938Feb 12Japan refused to reveal naval data requested by the U.S. and Britain.
1940Feb 12The radio play “The Adventures of Superman” debuted on the Mutual network with Bud Collyer as the Man of Steel.
1940Feb 12The USSR signed a trade treaty with Germany to aid against the British blockade.
1941Feb 12Boxers Pat Carroll and Sammy Secreet were unable to continue a slugfest and the referee declared a double KO. The result was soon changed to “No contest.”
1942Feb 12Painter Grant Wood (b.1892), creator of “American Gothic” (1930), died in Iowa City, Iowa, a day before his 51st birthday.
1942Feb 123 German battle cruisers escaped via Channel to Brest, N. Germany.
1944Feb 12Wendell Wilkie entered the American presidential race against Franklin D. Roosevelt.
1947Feb 12A daytime fireball & meteorite fell and was seen in eastern Siberia.
1947Feb 12A record 100.5-kg sailfish was caught by C.W. Stewart off the Galapagos Islands.
1948Feb 121st Lt. Nancy Leftenant became the 1st black in the army nursing corps.
1949Feb 12“Annie Get Your Gun” closed at the Imperial Theater in NYC after 1147 performances.
1949Feb 12Muslim Brotherhood chief Hassan el Banna (b.1906) was shot to death in Cairo.
1950Feb 12Albert Einstein warned against the hydrogen bomb on US national TV.
1951Feb 12In Iran Shah Pahlavi married Princess Soraya Esfandiari Bakhtiari (d.2001 at 69). They divorced in 1958. In 1991 Soraya authored her autobiography “Le Palais des Solitudes” (The Palace of Solitudes).
1953Feb 12An explosion at the Hercules Powder Co. near Pinole, Ca., killed 12 employees.
1953Feb 12The Soviets broke off diplomatic relations with Israel after the bombing of Soviet legation.
1955Feb 12President Eisenhower sent 1st US “advisors” to South Vietnam to aid the government under Ngo Dinh Diem.
1957Feb 12Researchers announced the development of Borazan, a substance harder than diamonds.
1960Feb 12Bobby Clark (71), vaudevillian (World’s funniest circus clown), died.
1962Feb 12Pres. Kennedy commuted the death sentence of Jimmie Henderson, a Navy seaman, to confinement for life.
1962Feb 12A bus boycott started in Macon, Georgia.
1963Feb 12Argentina asked for the extradition of ex-president Peron.
1964Feb 12The Beatles played 2 shows at Carnegie Hall.
1966Feb 12The South Vietnamese won two big battles in the Mekong Delta.
1968Feb 12“Soul on Ice” by Eldridge Cleaver (full name: Leroy Eldridge Cleaver), a militant activist and Black Panther, was first published
1970Feb 12Dean Arthur Schwartzmiller (28) was convicted in Juneau, Alaska, of 2 charges of lewd conduct after being accused of molesting 2 boys. Over the next 35 years he was arrested in 6 more states on molestation charges. In 2005 police in San Jose found notebooks at his home that documented over 36,000 sex acts with young boys. In 2006 a jury in Santa Clara, Ca., convicted Schwartzmiller (64) of molesting 2 San Jose boys. In 2007 he was sentenced to 152 years to life in prison.
1971Feb 12James Cash Penney (b.1875), US founder of the J.C. Penney stores, died in NYC. His first store, a branch of the Colorado based Golden Rule stores (1902), was in Kemmerer, Wyoming.
1972Feb 12Senator Kennedy advocated amnesty for Vietnam draft resisters.
1973Feb 12Operation Homecoming began as the first release of American prisoners of war from the Vietnam conflict took place.
1974Feb 12The Russian Mars 5 Orbiter entered orbit around Mars and relayed imaging data for the Mars 6 & 7 missions.
1976Feb 12Sal Mineo (b.1939), American film and theater actor, was stabbed to death in Los Angeles while coming home from a play rehearsal.
 1979Feb 12Jean Renoir (b.1894), French actor and director (Rules of the Game), died in Beverly Hills, Ca. His body was returned to France.
1983Feb 12composer-pianist Eubie Blake, who wrote such songs as “I’m Just Wild About Harry” and “Memories of You,” died in New York City, five days after turning 100.
1987Feb 12In Alabama surviving relatives of a black man murdered by KKK members were awarded $7 million in damages.
1987Feb 12A Court in Texas upheld an $8.5 billion fine imposed on Texaco for the illegal takeover of Getty Oil.
1987Feb 12Friends of the poet Boris Pasternak and of Russian culture agreed that the 1958 resolution expelling Pasternak from the Writers’ Union had to be rescinded. People met and voted in the same ornate conference room where, thirty years earlier, the great poet had been cast out of the union.
1988Feb 12Alexander M. Haig dropped out of the race for the Republican presidential nomination.
1988Feb 12The Pentagon charged that two Soviet Navy vessels deliberately bumped two U.S. warships in the Black Sea as the American vessels sailed through waters claimed by the Soviet Union.
1989Feb 12In Ohio the body of Joy Stewart (22) was found raped and fatally stabbed in Preble County. She was eight months pregnant at the time. Dennis McGuire was later convicted and sentenced to death. On Jan 16, 2014, McGuire (53) was executed by a new combination of lethal drugs. The process took nearly 25 minutes from injection to death and left him gasping for air in the final minutes.
1989Feb 12In Pakistan 5 Moslem rioters were killed in Islamabad protesting the “Satanic Verses” novel.
1990Feb 12President Bush rejected Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev’s new initiative for troop reductions in Europe, but predicted a “major success” on arms control at the superpower summit in June.
1990Feb 12Robert Ouko (b.1931), Kenya’s foreign minister and member of the Luo tribe, was murdered during his investigation of corruption charges against the government.
1991Feb 12Iraqi President Saddam Hussein met with Soviet envoy Yevgeny Primakov, who brought with him a message from President Mikhail S. Gorbachev.
1991Feb 12In China, two longtime democracy activists (Wang Juntao and Chen Ziming) were sentenced to 13 years in prison. Both were later freed.
1991Feb 12Former New York City Mayor Robert Wagner died at age 80.
1992Feb 12President Bush formally announced his bid for re-election.
1992Feb 12Democratic presidential candidate Bill Clinton released a letter he’d written as a student in 1969 in which he said he had decided to give up a draft deferment in order to “maintain my political viability.”
1993Feb 12In a crime that shocked Britons, two 10-year-old boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, lured 2-year-old James Bulger from his mother at a shopping mall in Liverpool, England, then beat him to death and left his battered body on a railway track. The 2 boys were later sentenced to serve 8 years in prison. The sentence was later increased to 10 years and then 15 years. After 8 years in a reformatory, Thompson and Venables were released in 2001, after a parole board found they no longer posed a danger to the public.
1994Feb 12President Clinton signed an $8.6 billion relief package for victims of the Jan 17 Northridge earthquake in Southern California.
1994Feb 12The XVII Winter Olympic Games opened in Lillehammer, Norway. The official song was “Fire in Your Heart.”
1995Feb 12Jurors in the O.J. Simpson murder trial toured the scene where Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman had been slain, then visited the estate of the former football star.
1996Feb 12Bob Dole eked out a victory in Iowa’s Republican presidential caucuses, while Pat Buchanan came in a surprisingly strong second.
1997Feb 12The Clinton administration gave permission to 10 U.S. news organizations to open bureaus in Cuba.
1998Feb 12US federal district judge T. Hogan struck down Pres. Clinton’s new Line-Item Veto Act as unconstitutional.
1999Feb 12Pres. Clinton was acquitted by the Senate 55-45 on a perjury charge and 50-50 on an obstruction of justice charge. He once again apologized for burdening the nation with his conduct. Clinton told Americans he was “profoundly sorry” for what he had said and done in the Monica Lewinsky affair that triggered the impeachment drama.
2000 Feb 12Michelle Kwan won her third straight US Figure Skating Championships crown, while Michael Weiss successfully defended the men’s title.
2001Feb 12A federal appeals court upheld a decision against Napster and ruled that the online music service violated copyright laws.
2001Feb 12Scientists published their first examinations of nearly all the human genetic code.
2002Feb 12The International Skating Union announced it would conduct an “internal assessment” of the Olympic judging that gave the Russians the pairs figure skating gold medal over the Canadians.
2002Feb 12An Iran Air Tours Tupelov Tu-154 crashed into the Sefid Kouh mountains near Khorramabad killing all 119 on board.
   
2003Feb 12Kemmons Wilson (90), founder of the Holiday Inn chain, died in Memphis, Tenn.
2004Feb 12Behrooz Sarshar, an Iranian emigre in his mid-sixties and former FBI translator, stated he was forced to retire from the FBI (in November 2002) after a two-and-a-half year OPR investigation in which he was accused of talking about FBI matters with non-FBI people.
2005Feb 12Howard Dean (b.1948), former Vermont governor and presidential candidate, was elected chairman of the Democratic Party.
2006Feb 12Bomb blasts and shootings killed at least three people in Baghdad and north of the Iraqi capital, including an Education Ministry official and an elderly woman. At least 22 people were wounded.
2007Feb 12Russian military prosecutors pledged to investigate allegations that young conscripts were forced into prostitution by fellow soldiers, the latest claim of rampant abuse in the nation’s armed forces.
2007Feb 12Zimbabwe’s central statistics office reported that the inflation rate, already the highest in the world, had soared again by more than 300 points to 1,593% in January.
2008Feb 12US Treasury Sec. Henry Paulson and 6 major lenders announced a new initiative to help seriously delinquent homeowners stave off foreclosure.
2008Feb 12South Africa’s security minister announced that the government is dissolving an elite graft-busting unit set up by prosecutors, in the latest twist in a struggle between South Africa’s crime-fighting agencies.
2008Feb 12South Korea held its first-ever trial by jury as part of reform measures aimed at increasing confidence in the judicial system. A nine-member jury in Daegu heard the case of a man (27) accused of assaulting a woman (70) while trying to burglarize her house. By South Korean law, the findings of jury are nonbinding, with the final verdict still resting in the hands of a judge, as in the past. Juries will be used at the request of defendants in some criminal cases.
2009Feb 12Ed Grothus (b.1923), owner of the Black Hole “nuclear waste” junk store in Los Alamos, NM, died. The former Manhattan Project machinist began collecting rejected equipment from the weapons lab at Los Alamos in 1969 and in 1972 established his Omega Peace Institute at a former Lutheran church, which later became his First Church of High Technology.
2009Feb 12Mexican federal police arrested 10 alleged members of a hit squad working for the Beltran Leyva drug cartel, who had come to Mexico City to start a turf war with a rival cartel.
2009Feb 12Pakistan’s government said for the first time that last November’s attack on Mumbai was launched and partly planned from Pakistan, and it was holding in custody a ringleader and five other suspects.
2010Feb 12In Oregon Jeffrey Grahn (46), an off-duty sheriff’s sergeant, shot and killed his wife and another woman before fatally shooting himself at a bar in Gresham.
2010Feb 12In Pennsylvania Max Ray Vision, formerly Max Ray Butler, of San Francisco was sentenced to 13 years in prison and ordered to pay $27.5 million to the banks and credit card companies that he victimized. In 2009 Butler (36) had identified himself in court as “Max Vision,” the name he gave himself in the 1990s when he became a superstar in the computer security community.
 2011Feb 12Activists at the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington, DC, selected Texas Rep. Ron Paul as their top choice for the 2012 presidential nomination. Former Massachusetts Gov. Mit Romney finished a strong second.
2012Feb 12The 54th Grammy Awards were held in Los Angeles. British singer Adele won every award she was up for including Album of the year for “21″ and Record of the year for “Rolling in the Deep.”
2013Feb 12President Obama made his State of the Union address. He announced plans with the EU to pursue talks aimed at achieving an overarching trans-Atlantic free trade deal. Obama also said that the first 34,000 troops will leave Afghanistan within a year and more in 2014, when all foreign combat forces are to leave the country
2014Feb 12In Bangladesh a mortar shell exploded accidentally during firing practice at a military training base, killing five military and border guard personnel and injuring 14 others.
2014Feb 12In Brazil some 15,000 landless peasants demanding land reform engaged police in Brasilia. At least 32 people were injured.
2014Feb 12British police searched a home in the southeastern town of Crawley as part of an investigation into reports that a man named as Abdul Waheed Majid (41) was responsible for a suicide attack in Syria.
2014Feb 12Britain’s Serious Fraud Office (SFO) arrested Sudhir Choudhri, an Indian-born donor to one of Britain’s ruling political parties, and his son as part of an investigation into Rolls-Royce’s dealings in Asia.
2014Feb 12Flooded communities in Britain faced a fresh battering from storms and high winds as emergency efforts in stricken areas picked up following criticism of a sluggish response.
2014Feb 12China’s Cabinet announced that 10 billion yuan ($1.6 billion) has been set aside this year to reward cities and regions that make significant progress in controlling air pollution, highlighting how the issue has become a priority for the leadership.
2014Feb 12Amnesty International said the exodus of tens of thousands of Muslims from Central African Republic amounts to “ethnic cleansing.” French Defense Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian pledged on a visit to CAR to continue disarming both Muslim and Christian fighters. African Union peacekeepers uncovered a mass grave at a military camp in Bangui occupied by the Muslim Seleka rebels.
2014Feb 12In China a strong and shallow 6.8-magnitude earthquake struck the far western region of Xinjiang, but in a sparsely populated area.
2014Feb 12CongoDRC Pres. Joseph Kabila, announced an amnesty for former members of the defeated M23 rebel army.
2014Feb 12A municipal planning committee advanced a plan to build a Jewish seminary in the heart of an Arab neighborhood of east Jerusalem, triggering angry Palestinian accusations that Israel was undermining already troubled Mideast peace efforts.
2014Feb 12Italy’s constitutional court struck down a drug law that tripled sentences for selling, cultivating or possessing cannabis and which has been blamed for causing prison overcrowding.
2014Feb 12In Kenya 70 men arrested during a raid on a mosque in the port city of Mombasa were formally charged with being members of Somalia’s Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab rebels.
2014Feb 12Lebanon’s army arrested Naim Abbas, a senior al Qaeda-linked militant, described by security sources as a “mastermind of car bombs” that targeted Shi’ite areas of the country.
   
2014Feb 12Niger police detained three journalists from the Anfani private radio station as well as a union leader who criticized President Mahamadou Issfouou on air.
2014Feb 12Nigeria said it would open a probe into claims of state-sponsored killings dating back to the era of military rule, raising hopes that perpetrators will finally be brought to book.
2014Feb 12Russian geologist Yevgeny Vitishko, a leading activist who campaigned against environmental damage caused by preparations for the Winter Olympics, was sentenced to three years in a penal colony. A court in Krasnodar converted a 2012 suspended sentence to a prison term.
2014Feb 12South African police fired rubber bullets and stun grenades at supporters of the ruling ANC party who attacked an opposition rally in Johannesburg, amid escalating tensions ahead of a crunch general election.
2014Feb 12Syrian government forces and fighters from Lebanese ally Hezbollah pounded Syria’s strategic border town of Yabroud in apparent preparation for a new offensive to flush out rebels. At least 51 people were reportedly killed in Aleppo, mainly by barrel bombs dropped on eight rebel-held districts from helicopters.
2014Feb 12UN leader Ban Ki-moon condemned what he said was the use of cluster bombs in the war in South Sudan.
2014Feb 12In Venezuela 3 people were killed in Caracas as protests against Pres. Maduro turned violent. Armed members of a pro-government vigilante arrived on motorcycles and began shooting at more than 100 anti-Maduro student protesters clashing with security forces.
   
Credit: Timelines of History 

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