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By Correspondent

 
YEARDAYEVENT
167Feb 13Polycarp, a disciple of St. John and bishop of Smyrna, was martyred on the west coast of Asia Minor.
1113Feb 13Pope Paschal II issued a papal bull recognizing the Knights of Malta as independent from bishops or secular authorities. The order traces had establishment an infirmary in Jerusalem that cared for people of all faiths making pilgrimages to the Holy Land.
1237Feb 13Jordanus of Saxon, 2nd father-general of Dominicans, drowned.
1332Feb 13Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor (1282-1328), monk, died.
1349Feb 13Jews were expelled from Burgsdorf, Switzerland.
1416Feb 13A Lithuanian and Polish delegation read their grievances against the Teutonic Knights at the Church Council at Constance.
1480Feb 13Hieronymus Alexander, [Gir¢lamo Aleandro], Italian diplomat, cardinal, was born.
1542Feb 13Catherine Howard (b.c1520), the fifth wife of England’s King Henry VIII, was executed for adultery.
1545Feb 13William of Nassau became prince of Orange.
1566Feb 13St. Augustine, Florida, was established. [see Sep 8, 1565]
1599Feb 13Alexander VII, Roman Catholic Pope, was born.
1601Feb 13John Lancaster led the 1st East India Company voyage from London.
1633Feb 13Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome for trial before the Inquisition.
1635Feb 13The oldest public school in the United States, the Boston Public Latin School, was founded.
1682Feb 13Giovanni Piazzetta, painter, was born.
1689Feb 13The British Parliament adopted the Bill of Rights. It limited the right of a king to govern without the consent of Parliament.
1693Feb 13The College of William and Mary opened in Virginia.
1741Feb 13Andrew Bradford of Pennsylvania published the first American magazine. Titled “The American Magazine, or A Monthly View of the Political State of the British Colonies.” Bradford introduced his American Magazine just days before Benjamin Franklin founded his periodical called General Magazine in Philadelphia. Bradford’s survived 3 months while Franklin’s survived for 6 months.
1757Feb 13John C. Hespe, Dutch journalist, politician, was born.
1766Feb 13Thomas Robert Malthus (d.1834), English economist, population expert (Law of Malthus), was born.
1777Feb 13The Marquis de Sade was arrested without charge and imprisoned in Vincennes fortress.
1778Feb 13Fernando Sor, composer, was born.
1795Feb 13The University of North Carolina became the first U.S. state university to admit students with the arrival of Hinton James, who was the only student on campus for two weeks.
1816Feb 13-14Teatro San Carlo in Naples was destroyed by fire.
1826Feb 13The American Temperance Society formed in Boston.
1831Feb 13John Aaron Rawlins (d.1969), Bvt. Major General (Union Army), was born.
1833Feb 13William Whedbee Kirkland (d.1915), Brig Gen (Confederate Army), was born.
1837Feb 13There was a riot in NY over the high price of flour.
1849Feb 13Lord Randolph Churchill, was born. He was an English politician, Winston Churchill’s father and member of Parliament.
1861Feb 13Abraham Lincoln was declared president.
1861Feb 13In Australia the 4-man Burke party began their 700-mile return to Cooper’s Creek under constant rain.
1862Feb 13Four-day Battle of Fort Donelson, Tenn., began. General Grant said, “What determined my attack on Donelson was as much the knowledge I had gained of its commanders in Mexico as anything else.”
1864Feb 13Miridian Campaign fighting at Chunky Creek and Wyatt, Mississippi.
1865Feb 13The Confederacy approved the recruitment of slaves as soldiers, as long as the approval of their owners was gained.
1866Feb 13Jesse James took part in his 1st bank holdup. At least a dozen former Southern guerrilla soldiers, including Frank James and Cole Younger, held up the Clay County Savings Association in Liberty, Missouri, of $15,000. Jesse James was recovering from wounds suffered as a Confederate guerrilla and probably wasn’t able to help brother Frank and Cole, but the Liberty bank job is considered the James-Younger Gang’s first robbery. Another outlaw legend, Charles “Black Bart” Boles baffled Wells Fargo detectives during an eight year stint of 27 stagecoach robberies.
1867Feb 13Johann Strauss’ “Blue Danube” waltz premiered in Vienna.
1870Feb 13Leopold Godowsky, virtuoso pianist, composer, was born in Lithuania.
1873Feb 13Feodor Chaliapin, opera singer, was born.
1883Feb 13Richard Wagner (b.1813)), revolutionary German composer (Die Walkure), died in Venice. Composer Leon Stein (d.2002 at 92) later authored “The Racial Thinking of Richard Wagner.” In 2007 Jonathan Carr authored “The Wagner Clan,” The Saga of Germany’s Most Illustrious and Infamous Family.
1885Feb 13Elizabeth Virginia “Bess” Truman, 1st lady (1945-52), was born.
1886Feb 13Painter Thomas Eakins resigned from the Philadelphia Academy of Art over controversial use of male nudes in a coed art class.
1887Feb 13Alvin York, famed US soldier with 25 kills in WW I, was born.
1888Feb 13Georgios Papandreou, Greek prefect of Lesbos, minister, premier, was born.
1891Feb 13David Dixon Porter (77), US rear admiral (Union), died.
1892Feb 13Grant Wood, painter (American Gothic), was born. Wood studied at the University of Iowa, taught there and made Iowa the focus of his paintings.  His is considered one of America’s first ‘regionalist’ painters. His most famous work ‘American Gothic’, often spoofed, is a painting of the puritanical farmer and his wife or daughter.
1894Feb 13In Brazil peace talks between Pres. Peixoto and navy rebels broke down completely when Admiral Saldanha da Gama led a landing party that stormed a republican fort at Nictheroy on the Guanabara Bay opposite from Rio de Janeiro. The rebels were driven back.
1895Feb 13A moving picture projector was patented.
1902Feb 13Georges Simenon, novelist, was born in Belgium.
1907Feb 13English suffragettes stormed the British Parliament and 60 women were arrested.
1910Feb 13William B. Shockley, physicist, co-inventor of the transistor, was born. He won the Nobel Prize in 1956.
1912Feb 13The Chinese imperial government acknowledged the new republic.
1914Feb 13The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, known as ASCAP, was founded in New York City.
1916Feb 13Vilhelm Hammershoi (b.1864), Danish painter, died. He is most celebrated for his interiors, many of which he painted at his residence in Copenhagen.
1919Feb 13Tennessee Ernie Ford, country and gospel singer, was born.
1920Feb 13Eileen Farrell, opera soprano (Interrupted Melody), was born in Willimantic, Conn.
1920Feb 13-1920 Feb 14,Andrew “Rube” Foster (1879-1930) formed the 1st black baseball league, the Negro National League, at a meeting at the Colored YMCA, Kansas City, Mo.
1923Feb 13Charles “Chuck” Yeager, American test pilot, was born. He was the first man to break the sound barrier on October 14, 1947.
1925Feb 13US Congress made a Supreme Court appeal more difficult.
1933Feb 13Kim Novak, actress, was born.
1934Feb 13George Segal, actor, banjo player (Carbon Copy, Fun with Dick and Jane), was born.
1935Feb 13A jury in Flemington, N.J., found Bruno Richard Hauptmann guilty of first-degree murder in the kidnap-death of the infant son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh. Hauptmann was later executed.
1935Feb 131st US surgical operation for relief of angina pectoris took place in Cleveland.
1936Feb 13The first US Social Security checks were put in the mail. The Social Security Administration had started assigning numbers this year.
1936Feb 13San Francisco-based magician Charles Joseph Carter (61), aka “Carter the Great,” died of a heart attack while on tour in Bombay, India.
1938Feb 13Oliver Reed, actor (Big Sleep), was born in London, England.
1942Feb 13Hitler’s invasion of England was cancelled.
1943Feb 13The Marine Corps began allowing women to enlist as reserves.
1943Feb 13There was a German assault on Sidi Bou Zid, Tunisia, as Gen. Eisenhower visited the front.
1944Feb 13A Lithuanian Home Army was formed under P. Plechavicius. It was disbanded May 15-21.
1945Feb 13During World War II the Soviets captured Budapest, Hungary, from the Germans ending a 50-day siege.
1946Feb 13Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German director, actor, was born.
1949Feb 13A mob burned a radio station in Ecuador after the broadcast of H.G. Wells’ “War of the Worlds.”
1950Feb 13A US Air Force B-36 crashed near the coast of northern British Columbia during a simulated nuclear attack on San Francisco. 12 of 17 men on board survived. A Mark 4 bomb, which lacked a plutonium core needed for a nuclear blast, was dropped over the ocean before the plane crashed.
1950Feb 13Albania recognized Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnamese government, becoming the sixth Eastern bloc country to do so.
1951Feb 13Mark William Schumacher was born at 3:14 a.m. in Detroit, Mi. He later moved to San Francisco where he drove a cab and hung out at the Café Babar where he became renowned for his bad puns. He moved his punning to Boston after selling 4 refinished old chairs to Carol Rooney for $200. He reserved the right to buy the chairs back at a later time and did so.
1951Feb 13At the Battle of Chipyong-ni, in Korea, U.N. troops contained the Chinese forces’ offensive in a two-day battle.
1952Feb 13Alfred Einstein (71), German-US musicologist, died.
1953Feb 13Pope Pius XII asked the U.S. to grant clemency to convicted spies Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
1955Feb 13Israel acquired 4 of 7 Dead Sea scrolls. Israel already had 3 scrolls, acquired in 1947 the 4 scrolls were purchased from a Christian clergyman, a Syrian Orthodox archbishop. The price, according to the New York Times, was an estimated $300,000.
1958Feb 13Georges Rouault (86), French painter (Christ aux outrages), died.
1959Feb 13Romulo Betancourt began serving his 2nd term as president of Venezuela and continued to 1964.
1960Feb 13Gerboise Bleue (“blue jerboa”) was the name of the first French nuclear test. It was an atomic bomb detonated in the middle of the Algerian Sahara desert, during the Algerian War (1954-62).
1968Feb 13The US sent 10,500 more combat troops to Vietnam.
1969Feb 13In North Carolina the Afro-American Society students of Duke Univ. led a black student takeover of the Allen Building to spark University action on the concerns of Black students. The takeover brought attention to issues such as establishment of an Afro-American studies program, a black cultural center, and increasing the number of black faculty and students.
1970Feb 13GM was reportedly redesigning automobiles to run on unleaded fuel.
1972Feb 13“1776” closed at 46th Street Theater in NYC after 1,217 performances. A film version was released in November.
1972Feb 13Enemy attacks, in Vietnam, declined for the third day as the U.S. continued its intensive bombing strategy.
1973Feb 13Musical “El Grande de Coca-Cola,” premiered in NYC. The off-Broadway show closed April 13, 1975
1974Feb 13Alexander Solzhenitsyn was exiled from the USSR. He wrote his novel “First Circle” based on experiences in a Moscow prison camp, where he met Lev Kopelev (d.1997 at 85), a dissident author and Communist idealist.  The character Rubin in “First Circle” is based on Kopelev.
1976Feb 13Lily Pons (b.1898), French, US soprano, opera diva (Met Opera), died.
1976Feb 13In Nigeria Gen’l. Muhammad in the ruling junta was killed in a coup attempt and his deputy, Gen’l. Olusegun Obasanjo, was named president.
1980Feb 13The opening ceremonies were held in Lake Placid, NY, for the 13th Winter Olympics.
1980Feb 13David Janssen, television and film actor, died in Malibu, California, from a heart attack. He was born as David Harold Meyer on March 27, 1931 in Naponee, Nebraska. He is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Kimble in the hit television series “The Fugitive” (1963”“1967).
1984Feb 13Konstantin Chernenko was chosen to be general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party’s Central Committee, succeeding the late Yuri Andropov.
1985Feb 13Polish police arrested 7 Solidarity leaders.
1988Feb 13The 15th winter Olympics opened in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
1988Feb 13President Reagan and Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid met in the Mexican resort of Mazatlan.
1989Feb 13The judge in the Iran-Contra trial of Oliver North sent the jury home amid a continuing disagreement between the prosecution and defense over protecting classified materials.
1989Feb 13The racing yacht Thursday’s Child broke the 1851, 89-day record, set by the clipper Flying Cloud, for sailing from NY to San Francisco around South America.
1990Feb 13At a conference in Ottawa, the United States and its European allies forged agreement with the Soviet Union and East Germany on a two-stage formula to reunite Germany.
1991Feb 13Arno Breker (90), German sculptor (Third Reich), died in Dusseldorf.
1992Feb 13Donna Weinbrecht of the United States won the gold medal in women’s freestyle skiing moguls at the Olympic games in Albertville, France.
1993Feb 13The government of Bosnia-Herzegovina began blocking the distribution of food in the capital of Sarajevo to protest ineffective international attempts to stop the war.
1994Feb 13At the Winter Olympic Games in Lillehammer, Norway, American Tommy Moe won the men’s downhill, defeating local hero Kjetil Andre Aamodt by 0.004 seconds.
1995Feb 13House Speaker Newt Gingrich ruled out running for the 1996 Republican presidential nomination.
1996Feb 13The rock musical “Rent,” by Jonathan Larson, opened off-Broadway and won a Pulitzer prize two months later.
1997Feb 13Discovery’s astronauts hauled the Hubble Space Telescope aboard the shuttle for a one billion mile tune up to allow it to peer even deeper into the far reaches of the universe.
1998Feb 13Dr. David Satcher was sworn in as US surgeon general during an Oval Office ceremony.
1999Feb 13Pres. Clinton announced that he would send some 4,000 troops to Kosovo as part of a NATO peacekeeping force if warring Serbs and ethnic Albanians reached a political settlement.
2000Feb 13Tiger Woods saw his streak of six consecutive victories come to an end as he fell short to Phil Mickelson in the Buick Invitational.
2001Feb 13In Hawaii 2 Army Blackhawk helicopters crashed and 6 soldiers were killed.
2001Feb 13About this time Canadian police arrested at least 2 people in the Toronto area in a scheme to distribute $25 billion in counterfeit US bearer bonds.
2002Feb 13In Pakistan Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh (28), Islamic militant, said he believed WSJ reporter Daniel Pearl was dead. Sheikh said Pearl was shot and killed during a failed escape attempt on Jan 31.
2003Feb 13American Special Forces were reported to be in various parts of Iraq for what seemed to be the initial phases of a ground war.
2004Feb 13President Bush, trying to calm a political storm, ordered the release of his Vietnam-era military records to counter Democrats’ suggestions that he’d shirked his duty in the Texas Air National Guard.
2005Feb 13Results from Iraq’s elections were released and showed that majority Shiite Muslims won 48% of the votes, giving the long-oppressed group significant power but not enough to form a government on its own.
2006Feb 13Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva created two new national parks in the Amazon rain forest and expanded another to protect an environmentally sensitive region where the government plans a major highway project.
2006Feb 13British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw and his Moroccan counterpart, Mohamed Benaissa, agreed to boost economic ties between the two countries and hold an annual business forum to this end.
2006Feb 13Testimony presented in an annual UN human rights report said Colombian security forces had killed civilians and covered it up by dressing the bodies as Marxist guerrillas.
2006Feb 13In Haiti election results showed the former president Preval slipping further below the 50 percent needed to avoid a runoff.
2006Feb 13Diplomats said Iran has started small-scale enrichment of uranium, a process that can produce fuel for nuclear reactors or bombs. Talks with Moscow on moving Iranian enrichment to Russia as a way ensuring Iran has no direct control were put on indefinite hold.
2006Feb 13In Turkey a bomb exploded at an Istanbul supermarket during the afternoon rush, injuring 15 people. A Kurdish news agency reported that a Kurdish militant group claimed responsibility for the attack.
2007Feb 13With Democrats in control, House members debated Iraq in an emotional and historic faceoff over a war that Speaker Nancy Pelosi condemned as a commitment with “no end in sight.”
2008Feb 13President Bush signed legislation to rush rebates ranging from $300 to $1,200 to millions of people, the centerpiece of government efforts to brace the wobbly economy. First, though, you must file your 2007 tax return.
2009Feb 13US Congress approved a $787 billion stimulus package. The House vote was 246-183, with all Republicans opposed to the package. The Senate approved the measure 60-38 with three GOP moderates providing crucial support. It contained provisions recognizing and compensating some 18,000 Filipino veterans who fought under the American flag when the Philippines was still an American colony.
2010Feb 13In California, South African Chris Bertish won the $50,000 first prize at the 7th Mavericks Surf Contest north of Half Moon Bay. Earlier in the day a series of waves crashed into some of the thousands of fans who had flocked to a beach to try to see the action
2011Feb 13The annual Grammy Awards were presented in Los Angeles. The band “Lady Antebellum” won 5 trophies including Album of the Year and Song of the Year (Need You Now
2012Feb 13President Barack Obama sent Congress a new budget that seeks to achieve $4 trillion in deficit reduction over the next decade through cuts in government spending and higher taxes on the wealthy. At the same time, he wants to boost spending in key areas such as transportation and education.
2013Feb 13Ukraine reached a tentative agreement with Turkmenistan to resume imports of natural gas from the energy-rich Central Asian nation. Completion of the deal would require the consent of Kazakhstan and Russia as transit nations.
2013Feb 13In Ukraine a small Soviet-designed AN-24 plane carrying soccer fans headed for a match skidded past the landing strip and overturned in the eastern city of Donetsk, killing five people.
2014Feb 13In Somalia at least 6 people were killed in a suicide car bomb attack targeting a UN convoy close to Mogadishu’s heavily-fortified international airport.
2014Feb 13Syrian activists said government shelling and airstrikes using makeshift barrel bombs have killed about 400 people in Aleppo so far this month. The governor of the central province of Homs says a cease-fire has been extended for three days as of today.
2014Feb 13In Yemen 29 people convicted “of various terrorist and criminal charges” escaped a Sanaa prison when a blast breached the facility’s outer wall.
Credit: Timelines of History 

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