Today in history

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Today in history

By Correspondent

Today in history 
YEARDAYEVENT
1124Apr 27Alexander I, king of Scotland (1107-24), died.
1296Apr 27England’s King Edward I defeated the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar. He deposed King John and exiled him to France   
1509Apr 27Pope Julius II excommunicated the republic of Venice. The pope lifted the ban in February 1510.
1565Apr 27First Spanish settlement in Philippines was established in Cebu City.
1570Apr 27Pope Pius V excommunicated Queen Elizabeth I [see Feb 25].
1623Apr 27Johann Adam Reincken, composer, was born.
1646Apr 27King Charles I fled Oxford.
1650Apr 27Scottish general Montrose was defeated.
1662Apr 27Netherlands and France signed a treaty of alliance in Paris.
1677Apr 27Colonel Jeffreys became the governor of Virginia.
1702Apr 27Jean Bart (51), French captain, sea hero (Escape out of Plymouth), died.
1737Apr 27Edward Gibbon, historian, writer of “Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,” was born.
1759Apr 27Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin (d.1797), English writer, feminist (Female Reader), was born. “The mind will ever be unstable that has only prejudices to rest on, and the current will run with destructive fury when there are no barriers to break its force.”
1768Apr 27John Wilkes (b.1725), English journalist, was arrested for seditious libel following his February return from exile in Europe.
1773Apr 27British Parliament passed the Tea Act.
1791Apr 27Samuel Finley Breece Morse, inventor, was born in Boston. Morse was a well-known painter who gained a wide reputation as a portrait artist. He graduated from Yale in 1810 and then studied painting in England for several years. Morse painted two notable portraits of Lafayette, was a founder of the National Academy of Design in 1826 and became professor of painting and sculpture at New York University in 1832-a position he held until his death in 1872. Morse invented the first practical recording telegraph in America and developed the Morse code, revolutionizing communication.
1799Apr 27In Saint-Domingue (later Haiti) Gen. Toussaint L’Ouverture signed a treaty of friendship with the US under Pres. John Adams. Certain elements were kept secret in order not to alienate France.
1802Apr 27Abraham Louis Niedermeyer, composer, was born.
1805Apr 27US navy ships began to bombard the Tripoli port of Derna. Mercenaries gathered in Egypt and a small contingent of US Marines under former Tunis consul William Eaton attacked Tripoli and captured the city of Derna [later part of Libya]
1812Apr 27Friedrich von Flotow, composer (Martha), was born
1813Apr 27Americans forces under Gen. Zebulon M. Pike (34) captured York (present day Toronto), the seat of government in Ontario; Pike was killed.
1822Apr 27Ulysses S. Grant (d.1885), general and 18th U.S. president (1869-1877), was born in Point Pleasant [Hiram], Ohio.
1824Apr 27William Richard Bexfield, composer, was born.
1838Apr 27Fire destroyed half of Charleston.
1840Apr 27Edward Whymper, first to climb the Matterhorn on the border of Switzerland and Italy, was born.
1848Apr 27Slave trade was abolished in the French colonies.
1849Apr 27Italian revolutionary Garibaldi took control of the defenses of Rome. He and his family had returned to Italy from Uruguay in 1848 to fight on behalf of the newly declared Republic of Rome, which had taken control of Rome and expelled Pope Pius IX, who opposed the goals of Italian nationalism.
1857Apr 27Establishment of Jewish congregations in Lower Austria prohibited.
1859Apr 27“Pomona” sank in North Atlantic drowning all 400 aboard.
1860Apr 27Thomas J Jackson (the future “Stonewall”) was assigned to command Harpers Ferry.
1861Apr 27West Virginia seceded from Virginia after Virginia seceded from the Union.
1863Apr 27Battle of Streight’s raid: Tuscumbia to Cedar Bluff, AL.
1865Apr 27The steamer Sultana caught fire and burned after one of its boilers exploded on the Mississippi River near Memphis, Tenn., killing more than 1,400 paroled Union prisoners on their way home. One account reported 1,547 people dead. At least 1,238 of the 2,031 passengers, mostly former Union POWs, were killed.
1867Apr 27Charles Gounod’s Opera “Romeo et Juliette” was produced in Paris.
1870Apr 27Heinrich Schliemann discovered Troy.
1877Apr 27Jules Massenet’s Opera “Le Roi de Lahore” was produced in Paris.
1881Apr 27Pogroms against Russian Jews started in Elisabethgrad.
1882Apr 27Ralph Waldo Emerson, US poet, philosopher, author, essayist, died. He was one of the original members of the Transcendental Club with Thoreau and Orestes Brownson.
1886Apr 27A band of Apaches led by Geronimo attacked a ranch west of Fort Huachuca and killed 3 American citizens.
1891Apr 27Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev, composer, was born.
1892Apr 27Louis Victor de Broglie, physicist (studied electrons), was born.
1896Apr 27Rogers Hornsby (d.1963), among the greatest hitters in baseball history, was born in Texas.
1897Apr 27Grant’s Tomb was dedicated.
1900Apr 27Walter Lantz, cartoonist, creator of Woody Woodpecker, was born.
1904Apr 27Cecil Day-Lewis, Irish poet, father of actor Daniel Day-Lewis, was born.
1909Apr 27In Turkey April 27 Reshad Efendi, the brother of Sultan Abdulhamid II, was proclaimed Sultan Mehmed V.
1913Apr 27The Knights of Lithuania were begun as a youth organization.  Its purpose was to unite the Lithuanian youth living in the USA, and through them, preserve Lithuanian culture and restore freedom to Lithuania, then divided between Russia and Germany
1915Apr 27Alexander N. Scriabin (43), Russian pianist, composer (Prometheus), died.
1920Apr 27Pogrom leader Petljoera (Petlyura) declared Ukraine Independence.
1922Apr 27Fritz Lang’s “Dr Mabuse, der Spieler” premiered in Berlin.
1927Apr 27Coretta Scott King, civil rights activist, wife of Martin Luther King, Jr., was born.
1931Apr 27Hawaii recorded a record 100 degrees in Pahala.
1932Apr 27American poet Hart Crane (b.1899) drowned after jumping from a steamer while en route to New York. In 1967 R.W.B. Lewis (d. 2002) authored  “The Poetry of Hart Crane.”
1935Apr 27US Congress declared soil erosion “a national menace” in an act establishing the Soil Conservation Service in the Department of Agriculture (formerly the Soil Erosion Service in the U.S. Department of Interior). Under the direction of Hugh H. Bennett, the SCS developed extensive conservation programs that retained topsoil and prevented irreparable damage to the land. Farming techniques such as strip cropping, terracing, crop rotation, contour plowing, and cover crops were advocated. Farmers were paid to practice soil-conserving farming techniques.
1936Apr 27Joseph “Dutch” Bowers (b.1896), reportedly the first man to attempt an escape from Alcatraz prison, fell seventy feet to his death after being shot by a guard while climbing a fence.
1937Apr 27Sandy Dennis, actress (Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?), was born in Nebraska.
1938Apr 27King Zog of Albania married Geraldine Apponyi (22) of Hungary.
1941Apr 27The Greek army capitulated to the Germans. Greece and the Greek islands were secured by Hitler.
1942Apr 27The 1st convoys of Japanese detainees arrived at the Tanforan detention center south of San Francisco. The assembly center remained in operation for 169 days after which detainees were transferred to relocation camps. Most of the Tanforan detainees were transferred to Abraham, Utah.
1944Apr 27Dr. H. Corwin Hinshaw (d.2000) first treated 4 tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs with the newly developed streptomycin antibiotic. The animals were cured. Hinshaw was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1952 but the prize went to Dr. Selman a. Waksman of Rutgers, who discovered streptomycin.
1945Apr 27August Wilson, US playwright (Fences, Pulitzer 1987), was born.
1946Apr 271st radar installation aboard a commercial ship was installed.
1947Apr 27It was “Babe Ruth Day” at Yankee Stadium as baseball fans across the country honored the ailing star.
1950Apr 27South Africa passed the Group Areas Act, formally segregating races.
1953Apr 27President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed Executive Order 10450: Security Requirements for Government Employment. The order listed “sexual perversion” as a condition for firing a federal employee and for denying employment to potential applicants. Homosexuality, moral perversion, and communism were categorized as national security threats; the issue of homosexual federal workers had become a dire federal personnel policy concern.
1955Apr 27The US government suspended the use of all Salk vaccine manufactured by Cutter Laboratories in Berkeley, Ca., pending the investigation of 7-14 cases among children inoculated with the company’s vaccine.
1956Apr 27Light heavyweight boxer Rocky Marciano announced his retirement. Marciano, with 43 knockouts to his credit, retired having won every fight in his professional career.
1957Apr 27Mario A. Gianini, creator of the maraschino cherry, died.
1958Apr 27Billy Graham began a 6-week Bay Area crusade at the Cow Palace in Daly City, Ca. Some 18,000 crowded inside as another 5,000 stood in the parking lot. Graham began a 3-day revival crusade at the Cow Palace that drew nearly 700,000 people.
1959Apr 27US State Dept. announced small arms stored in Canal Zone will be provided to Panamanian forces to repel Cuban invaders.
1960Apr 27The 1st atomic powered electric-drive submarine was launched at Tullibee.
1961Apr 27United Kingdom granted Sierra Leone independence.
1963Apr 27Cuban premier Fidel Castro arrived in Moscow.
1965Apr 27RC Duncan patented “Pampers,” a disposable diaper.
1967Apr 27Rocky Marciano (1923-1969), American heavyweight champion, retired as the undefeated boxing champ.
1968Apr 27In the Netherlands part of a group of Catholic radicals left their own party and formed the Political Party of Radicals (PPR). The party dissolved in 1991.
1969Apr 27Gen. Rene Barrientos (b.1919), military president of Bolivia, died in a helicopter crash.
1971Apr 27In South Korea Kim Dae-jung, a serious challenger to Park’s dictatorship, nearly defeated Park in the presidential election. After the stunning election outcome, Park revised the constitution to guarantee himself victory in future elections.
1972Apr 27Kwame Nkrumah (62), former president of Ghana, died in Romania of cancer.
1973Apr 27Acting FBI Director L. Patrick Gray resigned after it was revealed that he had handed over bureau files on the Watergate burglary to the Nixon White House.
1975Apr 27Saigon was encircled by North Vietnamese troops. NVA fire rockets into downtown civilian areas as the city erupts into chaos and widespread looting.
1976Apr 27Jimmy Carter clinched the Democratic presidential nomination by beating Henry “Scoop” Jackson and Morris Udall in the Pennsylvania primary.
1978Apr 27Convicted Watergate defendant John D. Ehrlichman was released from an Arizona prison after serving 18 months.
1982Apr 27The trial of John W. Hinckley Jr., who had shot four people, including President Reagan, began in Washington. The trial ended with Hinckley’s acquittal by reason of insanity.
1983Apr 27Nolan Ryan became the strikeout king (3,509), passing Walter Johnson.
1984Apr 27In Oregon Billy Gilley Jr. (28) murdered his parents and a sister (11) with a baseball bat and ran away with his other sister Jody (16). She soon contacted the police and Billy was arrested. In 2008 Kathryn Harrison authored “While They Slept: An Inquiry into the Murder of a Family.”
1986Apr 27A video pirate calling himself “Captain Midnight” interrupted a movie on Home Box Office with a printed message protesting de-scrambling fees. Captain Midnight turned out to be John R. MacDougall of Florida, who was fined and placed on probation.
1987Apr 27The US Justice Department barred Austrian President Kurt Waldheim from entering the US, saying he aided in the deportation and execution of thousands of Jews and others as a German Army officer during World War II.
1988Apr 27The US Senate approved a sweeping trade bill, 63-36, falling short of the two-thirds vote needed to override a threatened veto by President Reagan.
1989Apr 27In China more than 150,000 students and workers calling for democracy marched, cheered and sang as they took over Tiananmen Square in central Beijing.
1990Apr 27The aperture door of the Hubble Space Telescope was opened by ground controllers as the space shuttle Discovery, which had carried the Hubble into orbit, prepared to return home.
1991Apr 27A group of 250 Kurds became the first refugees to move into a new US-built camp in northern Iraq.
1992Apr 27The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed in Belgrade by the Republic of Serbia and its lone ally, Montenegro.
1993Apr 27After a hiatus of more than four months, Israeli and Arab delegates resumed Middle East peace talks in Washington, D.C.
1994Apr 27Former President Richard M. Nixon was remembered at an outdoor funeral service attended by all five of his successors at the Nixon presidential library in Yorba Linda, Calif.
1995Apr 27Former Orange County, Calif., Treasurer Robert Citron pleaded guilty to six counts of defrauding investors in the county investment pool.
1996Apr 27William Egan Colby (76), CIA Director, disappeared while canoeing near his waterfront home in southern Maryland. His body was found 8 days later. In 2003 John Prados authored “Lost Crusador,” a biography of Colby.
1997Apr 27President Clinton, along with former presidents George Bush and Jimmy Carter, helped polish gritty city streets in Philadelphia as they launched the Summit for America’s Future, a three-day gathering on community service.
1998Apr 27A Pentagon panel said remains of the Vietnam veteran in the Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington National Cemetery should be exhumed to determine whether they belonged to Air Force 1st Lt. Michael J. Blassie, as his family believed. The remains were later positively identified as Blassie’s.
1999Apr 27A week after the Columbine High School massacre, President Clinton called for new gun control measures, saying, “People’s lives are at stake here.”
2000Apr 27New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani disclosed that he had prostate cancer. He later bowed out of the US Senate race against Hillary Rodham Clinton.
2001Apr 27The US GDP was reported at 2% growth due to buying by American consumers. The DJIA rose 117 to 10,810. The Nasdaq rose 40 to 2,075.
2002Apr 27Derek Lowe (news ) of the Boston Red Sox pitched a no-hitter against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, 10-0.
2003Apr 27Kevin Millwood pitched his first career no-hitter to lead the Philadelphia Phillies over the San Francisco Giants 1-0.
2004Apr 27Republican Sen. Arlen Specter, of Pennsylvania, beat back a tough primary threat, barely defeating conservative congressman Pat Toomey.
2005Apr 27Touting technology as a way to solve the country’s energy problems, President Bush called for construction of more nuclear power plants and urged Congress to give tax breaks for fuel-efficient hybrid and clean-diesel cars.
2006Apr 27Thousands of Bulgarians demonstrated against a deal to allow US troops to use military facilities in the country.
2007Apr 27President Bush and visiting Japanese PM Shinzo Abe threatened stronger punitive actions against North Korea if it reneged on a promise to padlock its sole nuclear reactor.
2008Apr 27It was made public that Mars Inc. of McLean, Va., together with Berkshire Hathaway had agreed to acquire Wrigley Co. of Chicago, Ill., for about $23 billion. The deal closed on Oct 6.
2009Apr 27America, Canada, Europe and Japan promised to cooperate on validating alternatives to using animals in medical research. An estimated 50-100 million animals were used in research annually around the world.
2010Apr 27It was reported that Fritz Maytag, owner of the SF-based Anchor Brewing Co., has sold the company to the Griffon Group, run by Keith Greggor and Tony Foglio.
2011Apr 27President Barack Obama produced a detailed Hawaii birth certificate in an extraordinary attempt to bury the issue of where he was born and confirm his legitimacy to hold office.
2012Apr 27It was reported that the Taliban have succeeded in closing or partly closing some 50 schools in southern Afghanistan in response to a government decision last fall to ban motorcycles in the southern districts of Ghazni province. A British soldier was shot dead in the southern province of Helmand. NATO said 3 US service members were killed in a bomb attack in the east.
2013Apr 27The US military said that 100 of 166 prisoners at Guantanamo Bay have joined the hunger strike. 19 were receiving liquid nutrients through a nasal tube to prevent dangerous weight loss. Lawyers put the number of hunger strikers at 130.
Source: Timelines in History   

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