Today in History

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Today in History

By Correspondent

YEARDAYEVENT
37Mar 16Tiberius Claudius Nero (78), Roman emperor (14-37), died on a trip to the Italian mainland from his home on Capreae. He was succeeded by Caligula.
1190Mar 16The Crusades began with the massacre of Jews in York, England. The Jewish population of York fled to Clifford’s Tower overlooking the rivers Ouse and Foss during an anti-Jewish riot. A crazed friar set fire to the tower and rather than be captured, the inhabitants committed mass suicide,
1527Mar 16The Emperor Babur defeated the Rajputs at the Battle of Kanvaha, removing the main Hindu rivals in Northern India.
1621Mar 16The first Indian appeared in Plymouth, Mass.
1690Mar 16French king Louis XIV sent troops to Ireland.
1736Mar 16Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (b.1710), Italian composer (Il Prigioniero Superbo, Stabat Mater), died. Marvin Paymer (d.2002), an expert on Pergolesi, later edited the 26-volume “The New Pergolesi Edition.”
1739Mar 16George Clymer, US merchant (signed Declaration of Independence and Constitution), was born.
1750Mar 16Caroline Lucretia Herschel, 1st woman astronomer, was born in Hanover, Germany.
1751Mar 16James Madison (d.1836), Jefferson’s successor as secretary of state and fourth president of the United States (1809-17), was born in Port Conway, Va. He invented the 1787 electoral college system “to break the tyranny of the majority.” “If men were angels, no government would be necessary.” Pierce Butler of South Carolina first proposed the electoral college system.
1769Mar 16Journalist John Wilkes was elected unopposed to his former seat in the British Parliament.
1789Mar 16George S. Ohm (d.1854), German scientist,  was born. He gave his name to the ohm unit of electrical resistance.
1792Mar 16Sweden’s King Gustav III was shot and mortally wounded during a masquerade party by a former member of his regiment. He was murdered by Count Ankarstrom at an opera. It became the inspiration for Giuseppe Verdi’s Un Ballo in Maschera. Gustav died 13 days later.
1802Mar 16The US Congress authorized the establishment of the US Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. President Jefferson signed a measure authorizing the establishment of the US Military Academy at West Point, N.Y.
1806Mar 16Norbert Rillieux, inventor (sugar refiner), was born.
1815Mar 16William I (1772-1843), prince of Orange-Nassau, proclaimed the Netherlands a kingdom at the urging of the powers gathered at the Congress of Vienna. In 1813 he had proclaimed himself ‘Sovereign Prince’ of the “United Netherlands.”
1822Mar 16John Pope, Union general in the American Civil War, was born.
1827Mar 16The first Afro-American newspaper edited for and by blacks, Freedom’s Journal, was published in New York City.
1830Mar 16London reorganized its police force, Scotland Yard.
1833Mar 16Susan Hayhurst became the first woman to graduate from a pharmacy college.
1836Mar 16Andrew S. Hallidie, inventor (cable car), was born.
1838Mar 16Nathaniel Bowditch (b.1773), mathematician, astronomer, polyglot, author (Marine Sextant), died. In 1802 he published “The New American Practical Navigator.”
1846Mar 16Jurgis Bielinis, Lithuanian publisher and “king of the (underground) book carriers” was born in Purviskis. He died there Jan 18, 1918. This day was later declared “Book Carriers Day.”
1850Mar 16Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel “The Scarlet Letter” was first published. It was about adultery, revenge and redemption in Puritan Massachusetts.
1861Mar 16Arizona Territory voted to leave the Union.
1865Mar 16Union troops pushed past Confederate blockers at the Battle of Averasborough, N.C., and left 1,500 casualties.
1868Mar 16Maxim Gorkei (Aleksvey Maksimovich Pyeshkov [aka Gorky], d.1936], Russian dramatist, was born. “A good man can be stupid and still be good. But a bad man must have brains.”
1881Mar 16Barnum & Bailey Circus debuted.
1882Mar 16US Pres. Chester Arthur signed the Treaty of Geneva following the Senate’s ratification of the treaty. The US thus joined the Int’l. Red Cross.
1894Mar 16The opera “Thais,” composed by Jules Massenet, premiered in Paris. The libretto was by Louis Gallet. It was based on a novel by Anatole France. The heroine is a 4th century Egyptian courtesan.
1907Mar 16The British cruiser Invincible, the world’s largest, was completed at Glasgow shipyards.
1908Mar 16The Chinese released the Japanese steamship Tatsu Maru.
1911Mar 16Josef Mengele, MD, PhD, SS (“The Angel of Death at Auschwitz”), was born in Gunzburg, Germany.
1912Mar 16Thelma Catherine Patricia Ryan Nixon, first lady (1968-75) to Richard Nixon, was born in Ely, Nevada.
1913Mar 16The 15,000-ton battleship Pennsylvania was launched at Newport News, Va.
1915Mar 16The US Federal Trade Commission was organized.
1917Mar 16Nicholas II, Czar of Russia, abdicated in favor of his brother Michael. He was forced to sign a document of abdication after being brought down by political unrest and widespread starvation stemming from Russia’s staggering losses in WWI. The czar, his wife Alexandra, their four daughters and son Alexis, heir to the throne, were held prisoner by the Bolsheviks for several months at Tsarskoye Selo palace near Petrograd. In August 1917, the family was transported to distant Siberia to prevent any attempt to restore them to the throne. In July 1918, the entire royal family was executed by local Bolsheviks.
1920Mar 16Leo McKern, actor (Blue Lagoon, Help, Mouse that Roared, Rumpole of the Bailey), was born in Sydney, Australia.
1921Mar 16Britain signed a bilateral trade agreement with Russia.
1926Mar 16Rocket science pioneer Robert H. Goddard successfully tested the first liquid-fueled rocket, in Auburn, Mass. It went 184′ (56 meters).
1927Mar 16Daniel Patrick Moynihan (d.2003), later NY Senator (1976-2000) and scholar, was born in Tulsa, Okla.
1928Mar 16The U.S. planned to send 1,000 more Marines to Nicaragua.
1930Mar 16USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) was floated out to become a national shrine.
1933Mar 16Hitler named Hjalmar Horace Greeley Shacht president of Bank of Germany.
1935Mar 16Adolf Hitler ordered a German rearmament in violation of the Versailles Treaty. He announced in public Nazi rearmament and the existence of the new German air force, the Luftwaffe.
1939Mar 16Germany occupied the rest Czechoslovakia.
1940Mar 16Germany launched an air raid on British fleet base at Scapa Flow.
1941Mar 16A blizzard hit North Dakota and Minnesota killing 60. [see Mar 15]
1944Mar 16A US plane named “God Bless Our Ship” was hit by anti-aircraft fire over Berlin and crash-landed outside the city. Lt. George Lymburn (1924-2005) was captured and sent to Stalag Luft 1, where he was liberated by Russian soldiers in April, 1945.
1945Mar 16During World War II, the island of Iwo Jima in the Pacific Ocean was declared secured by the Allies. The U.S. defeated Japan at Iwo Jima. Small pockets of Japanese resistance still exist.
1946Mar 16Erik Estrada, actor (CHiPs, Cross & Switchblade, Lightblast), was born in NYC.
1949Mar 16Bertha Knox Gilkey, welfare and tenement rights for urban women, was born.
1950Mar 16Acheson called for a seven-point cooperation plan with the Russians.
1951Mar 16Hastened by short winter, all spring flowers opened in Minneapolis.
1955Mar 16President Eisenhower upheld the use of atomic weapons in case of war.
1957Mar 16Constantin Brancusi (b.1876), Romanian-born French sculptor, died. He willed his studio and work to France.
1959Mar 16John Sailling (111), last documented Civil War vet, died.
1961Mar 16“The Agony and the Ecstasy” was published by Irving Stone.
1963Mar 16Phung Vuong, murderer (FBI Most Wanted List), was born in Saigon, Vietnam.
1964Mar 16LBJ submitted a $1billion war on poverty program to Congress. [see Mar 15]
1966Mar 16Col. Paul Underwood flew a bombing mission over Lai Chau Province in Vietnam and crashed after releasing bombs from his F-105 Thunderchief. His remains were returned to the US in 1998.
1968Mar 16Robert F. Kennedy decided to join the presidential race.
1969Mar 16“1776,” a musical about the writing of the Declaration of Independence, opened on Broadway.
1970Mar 16Forty-six women filed suit against Newsweek management for sex discrimination. On Aug 26 they signed an agreement with management. In September Lynn Povich became Newsweek’s first-ever female senior editor. In 2012 Povich authored “The Good Girls Revolt.”
1971Mar 16Thomas E. Dewey (b.1902), US president candidate (R 1944, 1948), died of a heart attack.
1976Mar 16British PM Harold Wilson announced his resignation in London. He was succeeded in April by home secretary James Callaghan (1912-2005).
1977Mar 16US president Carter pleaded for a Palestinian homeland.
1978Mar 16The Amoco-Cadiz oil tanker spilled a record 1.6 million barrels of crude oil off the coast of France.
1982Mar 16Claus Von Bulow was found guilty in Newport, R.I., of trying to kill his now-comatose wife, Martha, with insulin. Von Bulow was acquitted in a retrial.
1984Mar 16Mozambique and South Africa signed a pact banning support for one another’s internal foes.
1985Mar 16Terry Anderson, chief Middle East correspondent for The Associated Press, was abducted in Beirut; he was released in December 1991.
1986Mar 16In France the first direct regional elections for representatives took place. The French term “région” was officially created by March 2, 1982, Law of Decentralization.
1987Mar 16Massachusetts Gov. Michael Dukakis announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination.
1988Mar 16The US sent 3000 soldiers to Honduras.
1989Mar 16The Soviet Communist Party’s Central Committee approved sweeping agricultural reforms and elected the party’s 100 members to the Congress of People’s Deputies, a new legislative body.
1990Mar 16South African President F.W. de Klerk announced that exiled African National Congress leaders could return home for talks with the white-led government.
1991Mar 16Americans Kristi Yamaguchi, Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan swept the World Figure Skating Championships in Munich, Germany.
1992Mar 16Robert J. Eaton, head of General Motors’ profitable European operations, joined Chrysler Corp. as Chairman Lee Iacocca’s future successor.
1993Mar 16President Clinton met with ousted Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide; afterward, Clinton announced he was sending a special envoy to Haiti to seek a return to democracy.
1994Mar 16Figure skater Tonya Harding pleaded guilty in Portland, Ore., to conspiracy to hinder prosecution for covering up the attack on rival Nancy Kerrigan, avoiding jail but drawing a $100,000 fine.
1995Mar 16House Republicans pushed through $17 billion in spending cuts, prompting a veto threat by the White House.
1996Mar 16In his weekly radio address, President Clinton accused the Republican-controlled House of bowing to “the back-alley whispers of the gun lobby” by gutting anti-terrorism legislation he’d submitted in response to the Oklahoma City bombing.
1997Mar 16The last sale day declared by the US Post Office for buying the Marilyn Monroe, antique autos, or United Nations commemorative stamps.
1998Mar 16Sgt. Maj. Gene McKinney, once the Army’s top enlisted man, was reprimanded and demoted one rank by a jury that had convicted him of obstruction of justice in a sexual misconduct case.
1999Mar 16The Nebraska Cornhuskers beat Chicago State 50-3 in an NCAA baseball game.
2000Mar 16In the Philippines at least 23 people were killed in clashes between rebels and army troops in Lanao del Norte province.
2001Mar 16In Argentina Ricardo Lopez Murphy, the Economy Minister, proposed $4.5 billion in budget cuts over the next 2 years to revive the economy.
2002Mar 16VP Cheney invited Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah to visit with Pres. Bush in Texas for talks on the Middle East.
2003Mar 16In China Wen Jiaboa (60) replaced Zhu Rongji as premier.
2004Mar 16Mitch Seavey won the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in nine days, 12 hours, 20 minutes and 22 seconds.
2005Mar 16Pres. Bush said he plans to nominate Paul Wolfowitz, deputy defense secretary, to become the next president of the World Bank.
2006Mar 16Pres. Bush named Idaho Gov. Dirk Kemphorne (54) as the new secretary of the interior to succeed Gail Norton, who resigned earlier this month.
2007Mar 16Assistant Secretary of State Christopher Hill, the top US nuclear envoy, said a dispute on North Korean funds held in a Macau bank has been resolved, potentially removing a key stumbling block that has bedeviled progress on dismantling Pyongyang’s nuclear weapons program.
2008Mar 16The US Federal Reserve, acting urgently over the weekend to stabilize financial markets, approved a cut in its emergency lending rate to 3.25% from 3.50%. The move will allow big investment firms to quickly secure short-term loans.
2009Mar 16The US and Germany signed an agreement to share science and technology research in an effort to improve the security of both nations.
2010Mar 16In Texas a tour bus headed for Mexico crashed and killed 2 people.
2011Mar 16A US official said the Obama administration is flying drones over Mexico to help gather intelligence for the southern neighbor’s battle against drug traffickers.
2012Mar 16In Washington, DC, actor George Clooney and several members of the US Congress were handcuffed and arrested outside Sudan’s embassy as they demanded an end to an offensive they fear will cause thousands to starve.
2013Mar 16In Marysville, Ca., a boy (14) and a man (68) were killed when a sprint car ran off a track and into pit row during warm-up laps on the opening day of the California Sprint Car Civil War Series.
   
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