Today in History

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Today in History

By Correspondent

YEARDAYEVENT
1387Mar 22Jogaila gave Vilnius the rights of Magdeburg. Vilnius became the 1st self-governed Lithuanian city.
1471Mar 22George van Podiebrad, king of Bohemia (1458-71), died.
1556Mar 22Cardinal Reginald Pole became archbishop of Canterbury.
1599Mar 22Sir Anthony Van Dyck, Flemish artist, was born. He gave his name to the Vandyke beard.
1622Mar 22The Powhattan Confederacy massacred 347-350 colonists in Virginia, a quarter of the population. On Good Friday over 300 colonists in and around Jamestown, Virginia, were massacred by the Powhatan Indians. The massacre was led by the Powhatan chief Opechancanough and began a costly 22-year war against the English. Opechancanough hoped that killing one quarter of Virginia’s colonists would put an end to the European threat. The result of the massacre was just the opposite, however, as English survivors regrouped and pushed the Powhattans far into the interior. Opechancanough launched his final campaign in 1644, when he was nearly 100 years old and almost totally blind. He was then captured and executed.
1630Mar 22First legislation prohibiting gambling was enacted in Boston.
1638Mar 22Religious dissident Anne Hutchinson was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1659Mar 22The Warsaw parliament decided to issue metal currency, shillings, for Lithuania and Poland.
1664Mar 22Charles II gave large tracks of land from west of the Connecticut River to the east of Delaware Bay in North America to his brother James, the Duke of York and Albany. The entire Hudson Valley and New Amsterdam was given to James.
1685Mar 22Composer Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany.
1719Mar 22Frederick William abolished serfdom on crown property in Prussia.
1752Mar 22Johann Georg Joseph Spangler, composer, was born.
1758Mar 22Jonathan Edwards (b.1703), US colonial theologian, philosopher (Great Awakening, Original Sin), died in New Jersey following an inoculation for smallpox.
1765Mar 22Britain enacted the Stamp Act to raise money from the American Colonies. This was the first direct British tax on the colonists. The Act was repealed the following year. The tax covered just about everything produced by the American colonists and began the decade of crisis that led to the American Revolution. The Stamp Act taxed the legal documents of the American colonists and infuriated John Adams.
1775Mar 22British statesman Edmund Burke made a speech in the House of Commons, urging the government to adopt a policy of reconciliation with America.
1778Mar 22Captain Cook sighted Cape Flattery in Washington state.
1786Mar 22Joachim Lelevelis was born in Warsaw. He became a renowned historian and Prof. at Vilnius Univ. He died May 29, 1861 in Paris.
1790Mar 22Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) became the first US Secretary of State. As Secretary of State, he served on the first Board of Arts, the body that reviewed patent applications and granted patents. Jefferson was one of a triumvirate that served as both America’s first patent commissioner and first patent examiner.
1794Mar 22Congress passed laws prohibiting slave trade with foreign countries, although slavery remained legal in the United States. Congress banned US vessels from supplying slaves to other countries.
1795Mar 22A Lithuanian delegation under L. Tiskevicius went to Jekaterina II in Petersburg and declared that Lithuania’s union with Poland was ended.
1797Mar 22Kaiser Wilhelm I, German Emperor (1871-88), was born.
1817Mar 22Braxton Bragg (d.1876), Gen (Confederate Army), was born.
1820Mar 22The Decatur-Barron Duel. U.S. naval hero Stephen Decatur (b.1779) was killed in a duel with Commodore James Barron near Washington, D.C.
1822Mar 22Gioacchino Rossini married Isabella Colbran in Bologna.
1834Mar 22Horace Greeley published “New Yorker,” a weekly literary and news magazine and forerunner of Harold Ross’ more successful “The New Yorker.”
1841Mar 22Cornstarch was patented by Orlando Jones.
1842Mar 22Mykola Vytal’yevich Lysenko, composer, was born.
1846Mar 22Randolph Caldecott, illustrator, was born.
1865Mar 22Raid at Wilson’s: Chickasaw, AL, to Macon, GA.
1868Mar 22Robert A. Millikan, US physicist (photoelectric effect; Nobel 1923), was born.
1871Mar 22William Holden of NC became the 1st US governor removed by impeachment.
1872Mar 22Illinois became 1st state to require sexual equality in employment.
1873Mar 22Slavery was abolished in Puerto Rico.
1874Mar 22Young Men’s Hebrew Association was organized in NYC.
1882Mar 22US Congress outlawed polygamy. The Edmunds-Tucker Act was adopted by the US to suppress polygamy in the territories. [see Morrill Act 1862] President Chester Arthur signed a measure outlawing polygamy.
1887Mar 22Chico Marx, [Leonard Martin], comedian (Marx Brothers), was born in NYC.
1894Mar 22Hockey’s first Stanley Cup championship game was played; the home team Montreal Amateur Athletic Association defeated the Ottawa Capitals, 3-1.
1895Mar 22Auguste and Louis Lumiere showed their first movie to an invited audience in Paris; this is generally regarded as the first-ever public display of a movie projected onto a screen.
1901Mar 22Japan proclaimed that it was determined to keep Russia from encroaching on Korea.
1902Mar 22Great Britain and Persia agreed to link Europe and India by telegraph.
1903Mar 22Niagara Falls ran out of water because of a drought. [see Feb 22]
1904Mar 22The first color photograph was published in the London Daily Illustrated Mirror.
1905Mar 22Ruth Page, US choreographer, ballet leader (Diaghilev, Pygmalion), was born.
1907Mar 22James Gavin, U.S. Army General, was born. He commanded the 82nd Airborne Division on D-Day, Operation Market-Garden and the Battle of the Bulge.
1908Mar 22Louis L’Amour (d.1998), American author, was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. He wrote 116 western novels.
1912Mar 22Karl Malden (d.2009), later film and TV star, was born as Mladen Sekulovich in Chicago.
1913Mar 22Martha Modl, German singer, soprano (Wagner), was born.
1915Mar 22A German Zeppelin made a night raid on Paris railway stations.
1917Mar 22The U.S. became the first to recognize the Kerensky Government in Russia.
1918Mar 22Ukrainian mobs massacred the Jews of Seredino Buda.
1919Mar 22The first international airline service was inaugurated on a weekly schedule between Paris and Brussels.
1922Mar 22A British court sentenced Mahatma Gandhi to 6 years in prison. [see Mar 18]
1923Mar 22Marcel Marceau, French mime, was born. “I do not get my ideas from people on the street. If you look at faces on the street, what do you see? Nothing. Just boredom.” He devised over 100 pantomimes, including The Creation of the World.
1927Mar 22Federico Garcia Lorca’s “El Maleficio,” premiered in Madrid.
1928Mar 22Dmitri Antonovitch Volkogonov, soldier, historian, was born.
1929Mar 22A US Coast Guard vessel sank a Canadian schooner suspected of carrying liquor.
1930Mar 22Stephen Sondheim, American composer and lyricist (A Little Night Music, Passion), was born.
1933Mar 22During Prohibition, President Roosevelt signed a measure to make wine & beer containing up to 3.2 percent alcohol legal. [see Feb 20, Apr 7, Dec 5]
1934Mar 22Orrin Hatch, U.S. senator from Utah, was born.
1935Mar 22Persia was renamed Iran.
1936Mar 22Roger Whittaker, country singer (Durham Town), was born in Nairobi, Kenya.
1937Mar 22Ray Woods, a professional diver from St. Louis, leaped from the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge in an attempt to set a new world record for high dive. He suffered 6 broken vertebrae, but survived.
1938Mar 22Officials at San Quentin Prison tested the new gas chamber using a little pig. The warden had refused to permit the use of a dog.
1939Mar 22Germany marched into Klaipeda (Memel), Lithuania. The Lithuanian warship Prezidentas Smetona was left without a harbor. The ship soon settled at Latvia’s port of Liepaja. In December Ltn. P. Labanauskas was named captain. In 1940 Soviet occupiers called for the ship to raise the Soviet flag, but Captain Labanauskas sailed the ship out of Soviet territory. The ship was later handed over to the Soviet Baltic fleet. On Jan 11, 1945, it hit a mine and sank off the coast of Finland.
1941Mar 22The Grand Coulee Dam in Washington state went into operation.
1942Mar 22There was a heavy German assault on Malta (3rd day).
1943Mar 22SS police chief Rauter threatened to kill half Jewish children.
1944Mar 22Over 600 8th Air Force bombers attacked Berlin.
1945Mar 22The Arab League was formed with the adoption of a charter in Cairo, Egypt. Saudi Arabia became a founding member of the UN and the Arab League.
1946Mar 22First U.S. built rocket to leave the earth’s atmosphere reached a 50-mile height.
1948Mar 22Andrew Lloyd Webber, Broadway composer, was born. His works include “Phantom of the Opera” and “Cats.”
1950Mar 22A one-page memo was addressed to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover from Guy Hottel, then head of the FBI’s Washington, D.C., field office. It relayed some information from an informant. The subject:    FLYING SAUCERS INFORMATION CONCERNING: “An investigator for the Air Force stated that three so-called flying saucers had been recovered in New Mexico. They were described as being circular in shape with raised centers, approximately 50 feet in diameter. Each one was occupied by three bodies of human shape but only 3 feet tall, dressed in metallic cloth of a very fine texture. Each body was bandaged in a manner similar to the blackout suits used by speed fliers and test pilots.” The file was released in April 2011 under the Freedom of Information Act. The memo is dated nearly three years after the infamous events in Roswell in July 1947.
1952Mar 22US Navy pilot Kenneth Schechter (d.2013) was among a group of pilots ordered to bomb North Korean rail and truck lines. Schechter’s plane was hit and he was blinded, but managed to make a landing guided by group leader Lt. Howard Thayer.
1953Mar 22UC Pres. Robert Gordon Sproul addressed a Charter Day banquet and contended that faculty members who support the Communist Party do not deserve membership in a university faculty.
1954Mar 22The London gold market reopened for the first time since 1939.
1955Mar 22Linda Stout became the first person at Mayo Clinic, and the second person in the world, to have open-heart surgery with the aid of a heart-lung bypass machine.
1956Mar 22Musical “Mr. Wonderful” with Sammy Davis Jr. premiered in NYC.
1957Mar 22An earthquake, centered in Daly City, Ca., hit the SF Bay Area and caused extensive damage to Mary’s Help Hospital.
1958Mar 22Movie producer Mike Todd (56) and three other people were killed in the crash of Todd’s private plane near Grants, N.M.
1960Mar 22The 1st patent for lasers was granted to Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes. Schawlow and Townes developed their laser, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, while working at Bell labs in 1958.
1963Mar 22British Minister of War John Profumo denied having sex with Christine Keeler. The Profumo call girl scandal almost toppled the government. Profumo, a leading British Conservative and minister for war, was discovered to have been involved with Keeler, a call girl who was also dealing with a Soviet attaché. Valerie Hobson (d.1998 at 81), his actress wife, stood by him after the scandal. A 1995 Masterpiece Theater TV play was based on these events.
1965Mar 22US confirmed its troops used chemical warfare against the Vietcong.
1968Mar 22In southern Thailand Tuanku Biyo Kodoniyo set up the Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO). It called for an independent Islamic country.
1972Mar 22The US Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution and sent it to the states for ratification. The amendment died in 1982 when it fell three states short of the 38, two-thirds, needed for approval.
1974Mar 22The Viet Cong proposed a new truce with the United States and South Vietnam, which includes general elections.
1975Mar 22In Alabama a fire at the Browns Ferry Unit 1 nuclear power plant caused $10 million in damage and knocked the reactor out of service for over a year. A worker checking for air leaks with a candle ignited insulation near the control room. The reactor was mothballed in 1985. It was scheduled to reopen in 2007 following a 5 year, $1.8 billion restoration.
1977Mar 22President Carter proposed the abolition of the Electoral College.
1978Mar 22Karl Wallenda, the 73-year-old patriarch of “The Flying Wallendas” high-wire act, fell to his death while attempting to walk a cable strung between two hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
1979Mar 22The opera “Miss Havisham’s Fire” by Dominick Argento premiered at the NYC Opera with two 80-minute acts. It was based on a character in the 1861 novel “Great Expectations” by Charles Dickens.
1981Mar 22Postage rates went from 15 cents an ounce to 18 cents an ounce.
1982Mar 22The US submarine Jacksonville collided with a Turkish freighter near Virginia.
1986Mar 22World financier Michele Sindona died two days after ingesting cyanide in his Italian prison cell in what authorities later ruled a suicide.
1987Mar 22A garbage barge, carrying 3,200 tons of refuse, left Islip, N.Y., on a six-month journey in search of a place to unload. The barge was turned away by several states and three countries until space was found back in Islip.
1988Mar 22Both houses of Congress overrode President Reagan’s veto of a sweeping civil rights bill.
1989Mar 22Ann Harrison (15) was abducted as she waited for a school bus in front of her home in Raytown, Missouri. African-Americans Roderick Nunley and Michael Taylor forced her into a stolen car, raped and stabbed her to death. They left her body in the boot of the car. Taylor and Nunley were convicted and sentenced to death. In 2006 their execution was postponed pending a decision on whether lethal injection constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. On Feb 26, 2014, Taylor was executed.
1990Mar 22A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, found former tanker captain Joseph Hazelwood innocent of three major charges in connection with the Exxon Valdez oil spill, but convicted him of a minor charge of negligent discharge of oil.
1991Mar 22Law enforcement officers raided fraternities at Univ. of Virginia seizing drugs.
1992Mar 22The show “Conversations with My Father” opened at the Royale Theatre in NYC for 462 performances.
1993Mar 22Microsoft began shipping its Encarta encyclopedia on CD-ROM. It had licensed content from Funk & Wagnalls after being rebuffed by Britannica.
1994Mar 22The US Federal Reserve for fear of inflation announced it was raising short-term interest rates from 3.25 to 3.5%, the second such boost of the year. By Nov the 10-year bond rate rose to 8% from about 5.4% the previous September.
1995Mar 22Convicted Long Island Rail Road gunman Colin Ferguson was sentenced to life in prison for killing six people.
1996Mar 22Shannon Lucid, astronaut, went into space on the shuttle Atlantis. She transferred to the Russian Mir space station and broke the US space endurance record of 115 days on 7/15/96.
1997Mar 22The show “Sunset Boulevard” closed at Minskoff in NYC after 977 performances.
1998Mar 22President Clinton departed Washington for an historic 12-day tour of Africa.
1999Mar 22The Clinton administration announced new food deals for North Korea to total $60 million.
2000Mar 22The US Senate voted to abolish the Social Security income penalty for people aged 65-69. Pres. Clinton promised to sign the bill. The penalty had reduced benefits by $1 for every $3 eared above $17,000.
2001Mar 22Yevgeny Plushchenko captured the World Figure Skating Championships crown in Vancouver, British Columbia.
2002Mar 22The TV show “Wall Street Week” with Louis Rukeyser, begun in 1970, was scheduled for its last show on Jun 28, but PBS dropped Mr. Rukeyser after this evening’s broadcast.
2003Mar 22Many thousands of people marched in cities around the world or demonstrated outside U.S. military bases, but the demonstrations were far smaller than earlier protests.
2004Mar 22Afghan soldiers deployed to the western city of Herat after some of the fiercest factional fighting since the 2001 fall of the Taliban killed a Cabinet minister and as many as 100 others.
2005Mar 22World Water Day. The UN General Assembly adopted resolution A/RES/47/193 of 22 December 1992 by which 22 March of each year was declared World Day for Water, to be observed starting in 1993.
2006Mar 22The US government announced charges against 50 leftist Colombian guerrilla leaders in connection with shipments of $25 billion in cocaine to the US and other countries.
2007Mar 22North Carolina Sen. John Edwards and his wife Elizabeth made a joint announcement that he will continue his bid for the White House despite the recurrence of her breast cancer.
2008Mar 22Israel Lopez, Cuban bassist and composer known as “Cachao,” died in Miami. He is credited with pioneering the mambo style of music (1937). In 1993 Andy Garcia, a Cuban American actor, made a documentary of Cachao’s career.
2009Mar 22In Montana a single-engine turboprop airplane crashed just short of Butte’s Bert Mooney Airport, killing all 14 people aboard, including 7 children. The aircraft had departed from Oroville, Calif., and the pilot had filed a flight plan showing a destination of Bozeman.
2010Mar 22In Maryland Renee Bowman (44) was sentenced to 2 consecutive life terms for killing her two adopted daughters and storing their bodies in a freezer. She had continued to collect subsidies paid to adoptive parents of special needs children.
2011Mar 22US census data showed that Detroit’s population plunged by 25%, 237,500 people, over the past decade.
2012Mar 22Australia police captured Malcolm Naden (38) just after midnight at a remote house near the town of Gloucester. The former slaughterhouse worker has been charged with the 2005 strangling death of a cousin and other violent crimes.
2013Mar 22The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said it will close 149 air traffic control towers at small airports across the country beginning on April 7 as it copes with automatic federal spending cuts.
2014Mar 22The US Navy handed over to Libyan authorities the M/T Morning Glory oil tanker it intercepted after the vessel took to sea with crude illegally loaded at a rebel-held port.
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